y = A(Bx - C)ⁿ + D
A is a vertical stretch (or shrink if |A| < 1
B is a horizontal shrink by factor of [tex]\frac{1}{B}[/tex] (or stretch if |B| < 1)
C is a shift to the right (or left if C is negative)
D is a shift up (or down if D is negative)
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y = x² - 5 ⇒ D = -5
Answer: shift down 5 units
