1. The instructions to build proteins are found in what molecule inside the cell?
a. Ribosomes
b. DNA
c. Endoplasmic reticulum
d. Cell membrane
2.How many different types of proteins does our body contain?
a. one type of protein
b. ten types of protein
c. thousands of types of proteins
d. billions of types of proteins
3. Where is DNA located in the cell?
a. Nucleus
b. Ribosomes
c. Cytoplasm
d. Cell membrane
4. How many nucleotides does it take to code for ONE amino acid?
a. One
b. Five
c. Twenty
d. Three
5. How many different types of amino acids are responsible for making all of your proteins?
a. One
b. Five
c. Twenty
d. Three
6. If DNA is stuck in the nucleus, but proteins are made in the ribosomes (out in the cytoplasm), how do we get the information out of the nucleus?
a. Messanger RNA (mRNA)
b. Enzymes
c. Transfer RNA (tRNA)
d. Helper RNA (hRNA)
7. The process of creating an RNA copy of DNA (portable copy of DNA) is called. . .
a. Translation
b. Osmosis
c. Transcription
8. Which RNA nucleotide binds with adenine (A) on the DNA?
a. Thymine (T)
b. Uracil (U)
c. Cytosine (C)
d. Guanine (G)
9. If your DNA sequence was TACAACTGAGATT, what would be the complimentary mRNA strand?
a. ATGTTGACTCTAA
b. AUGUUGACUCUAA
c. TACAACTGAGATT
d. UACAACUGAGAUU
10. If there are 20 different amino acids, how do they know how to line up? Which order should they be in? Which molecule helps them do this?
a. Messenger RNA (mRNA)
b. Enzymes
c. Transfer RNA (tRNA)
d. Helper RNA (hRNA)
11. How do tRNA molecules know where to go?
a. They look at the DNA coding
b. They complement the mRNA strand
c. They guess
d. They get help from the ribosomes
12. The process of making a protein from an mRNA strand is called. . .
a. Translation
b. Osmosis
c. Transcription
d. Protein Synthesis
d. Protein Synthesis
16. True or False: After a protein sequence is made, it needs to fold into the correct shape.
17. The protein aquaporin must fold into what shape to work properly?
a. Flat sheets
b. Cube
c. Cylindrical shape
d. None of the above
18. What is one characteristic that determines how the protein folds?
a. The amino acids hydrophobicity
b. The DNA
c. The color of the amino acid
d. Both hydrophobicity and color
19. If all the amino acids were hydrophobic and you placed them in water, what would happen to the shape of the protein?
a. It would squish into a ball (as best as possible)
b. It would flatten out
c. Half would flatten and half would be a ball
d. All the above
20. What is a mutation?
a. When something gets changed, or there is a mistake in the DNA sequence
b. When the DNA strand accidentally leaves the nucleus
c. When the mRNA strand doesn’t attach to a ribosome
d. No protein forms
21. Describe the effects a DNA mutation could have on a protein.
a. The mutation might code for a different amino acid
b. It a letter is deleted it could shift the reading frame and change all the subsequent amino acids
c. A hydrophobic amino acid could change to a hydrophilic amino acid which would cause the protein to fold differently.
d. All the above
